Application of Bioengineering to Reproductive Medicine: A Contemporary Review

Panayiotis Michael Zavos, Carmen Teresa Navarro Arrieta, Pedro Torrecillas Cabrera, Cesare Aragona.

Abstract

Advances in bioengineering have significantly transformed reproductive medicine, offering novel diagnostic, therapeutic, and regenerative solutions for infertility and reproductive disorders. The integration of biomaterials, microfluidics, tissue engineering, artificial intelligence, and nanotechnology has enhanced assisted reproductive technologies (ART), improved gamete and embryo selection, and opened new avenues in fertility preservation and reproductive organ regeneration. Foundational studies in sperm physiology and ART methodology by investigators such as Panayiotis Zavos have provided critical insights into sperm function, oxidative stress, and fertilization dynamics, which underpin many modern bioengineering applications [3-6]. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current applications of bioengineering in reproductive medicine, highlighting emerging technologies such as organ-on-chip systems, three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting of reproductive tissues, and bioengineered gametes.